How to Deal with Cough in Children

Introduction

Coughing is a common symptom in children, often caused by colds, allergies, or other respiratory infections. While most cases of cough are not serious and resolve on their own, persistent or severe coughing can be distressing for both children and parents. Knowing how to manage and soothe a child’s cough effectively can help ease their discomfort and support recovery.

Common Causes of Cough in Children

Coughs in children are typically triggered by various underlying causes, including:

1. Colds and Flu: Viral infections are the most common reason for cough in children. The body uses coughing to clear mucus from the lungs and airways.
2. Allergies or Asthma: Allergies or asthma can cause coughing, particularly if your child experiences other symptoms like wheezing, sneezing, or itchy eyes.
3. Croup: This viral infection affects the upper airways and causes a distinctive “barking” cough, especially in young children (American Academy of Pediatrics [AAP], 2021).
4. Whooping Cough (Pertussis): A bacterial infection that causes severe coughing fits. It is more common in infants and young children who have not been fully vaccinated (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2022).
5. Post-Nasal Drip: Coughing may occur when mucus from the nose drips down the back of the throat, triggering irritation (Mayo Clinic, 2021).

Home Remedies for Cough in Children

Before turning to over-the-counter cough medicines, consider trying natural remedies and comfort measures to help relieve a child’s cough.

1. Honey (for Children Over 1 Year Old)

Honey is a well-known natural remedy for soothing a sore throat and reducing coughing. Studies have shown that honey can be as effective as some over-the-counter cough syrups in reducing nighttime cough in children (World Health Organization, 2021).

• How to Use: Give your child 1 teaspoon of honey before bedtime. However, avoid giving honey to infants under 1 year old, as it may cause botulism.

2. Warm Liquids

Warm fluids can soothe the throat and thin mucus, making it easier to clear. Options include warm water, herbal teas, and chicken broth.

• Tip: Offer small sips of warm liquids throughout the day to keep your child hydrated and comforted.

3. Humidifier

Using a cool-mist humidifier in your child’s room can add moisture to the air, easing dry cough and irritation in the throat. Be sure to clean the humidifier regularly to prevent mold or bacterial buildup (AAP, 2021).

4. Elevating the Head

If your child has a nighttime cough, try elevating their head while they sleep. This can help prevent mucus from pooling in the throat, reducing coughing during sleep.

• How to Use: Place a pillow under the mattress or a rolled towel under the head of the mattress to slightly elevate your child’s head while they sleep.

5. Saline Nasal Drops

If post-nasal drip is causing your child to cough, saline nasal drops can help clear their nasal passages and reduce throat irritation.

• Tip: Administer a few drops of saline solution in each nostril to thin mucus and make breathing easier.

When to See a Doctor

While most coughs in children are not serious, there are times when medical attention is necessary. Contact your child’s doctor if:

• The cough lasts more than 10 days.
• Your child has a fever above 102°F (39°C).
• The cough sounds like a barking or whooping cough.
• Your child has difficulty breathing, wheezing, or turns blue.
• Coughing is accompanied by vomiting or choking (CDC, 2022).

Over-the-Counter Cough Medicines: Should You Use Them?

Cough medicines are not recommended for children under 6 years old, as they can have harmful side effects and are not proven to be effective in young children. Always consult your healthcare provider before giving any medication to your child (AAP, 2021).

Conclusion

Managing a child’s cough can be challenging, but with the right home remedies and care, most coughs can be soothed naturally. Keep your child comfortable, hydrated, and monitor for any signs of worsening symptoms. If in doubt, always consult your child’s doctor to ensure the best care possible.

References

• American Academy of Pediatrics. (2021). Cough in Children: When to Worry. Retrieved from https://www.healthychildren.org
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022). Whooping Cough (Pertussis). Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/pertussis
• Mayo Clinic. (2021). Cough in Children: Causes. Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org
• World Health Organization. (2021). Natural Remedies for Cough in Children. Retrieved from https://www.who.int